Cybersecurity threats are ever-increasing, and advanced technologies like AI are only making matters worse because of the sheer scale at which these attacks can be launched. For businesses and organizations that work with the Department of Defense (DoD) and handle sensitive data, security threats are imminent. In such a sensitive industry, the stakes are high because if the data gets into the wrong hands, it could be misused to compromise matters of national interest. And that’s why the mandatory NIST 800-171 compliance requirements were introduced.
Implementing NIST 800-171 is a must when working within the defense industrial base, as it helps ensure that all players have a robust cybersecurity framework to protect sensitive information from being compromised. However, doing that is not easy, often making organizations fail the audits. If you want to avoid that by doing it right, here’s all you need to know:
How to Get Ready for Your Upcoming NIST 800-171 Audit
1. Define Your Scope
The extent of the audit depends on the scope, which includes organizations’ systems, networks, and processes involved in handling CUI. The scope sets the boundaries and allows the auditors to identify what to focus on. So, the clearer the scope, the easier it is to prepare for an audit.
Assess who is involved in what, and if and how third parties like cloud service providers are involved. The idea is to identify all relevant assets that should be scrutinized to ensure they comply with the NIST requirements. It makes identifying potential vulnerabilities and high-risk areas easier, facilitating the allocation of necessary attention or more resources.
Defining and documenting the scope gives you a roadmap for your auditor and makes your future work easier. Remember, you don’t have to figure it out alone when you can use templates to ease the burden and achieve NIST 800-171 compliance faster.
2. Get All Your Compliance Docs Ready
Let’s face it—you can’t pass the NIST 800-171 compliance audit without proper documentation. Make sure you have all the documents, in the form of write-ups and diagrams, that show your system design, how data flows, security controls, anticipated changes, policies, and procedures. These sets show the standards, in line with NIST 800-171, that you follow in protecting sensitive data.
3. Run a Gap Analysis
Performing a gap analysis before an audit is smart. At this step, you review your security controls to identify areas where adequate security measures might be missing, outdated, or not entirely/correctly implemented. If not fixed early, gaps in your systems could lead to unauthorized access, data breaches, and other serious security threats. These steps help you get ahead of such unpleasant surprises.
4. Review Your Existing Controls
The goal of reviewing your controls is to ensure that all critical areas are addressed to avoid exposing the organization to security risks. You want to know if the existing controls work well, so you know what to adjust when developing a security plan.
Usually, there are 14 security controls (control families). They include:
- Access Control – Assess who can access your systems, including computers, firewalls, routers, and networks. Check if the rules that keep unauthorized users out are being followed.
- Audit & Accountability – What process do you use to track system activities? Do you keep logs and review regularly to catch odd behaviors early?
- Awareness & Training – Do you regularly train your team on the best cybersecurity practices, and does every employee know their dos and don’ts?
- Configuration Management – Check if your system network configurations align with NIST 800-171 cybersecurity protocols and how changes are implemented.
- Identification & Authentication – Ensure you have procedures for verifying who can access CUI and other sensitive information, like Passwords, users’ personal details, IDs, etc.
- Incident Response—Confirm that you have an effective plan for following up if a cyberattack or data breach occurs. The response team should know what to do in such situations.
- Maintenance –Ensure someone is responsible for regular system maintenance. It should be someone you trust, and all changes should be recorded.
- Media Protection – Do you have protocols for securely destroying storage devices or servers upon use?
- Personnel Security – Is employee screening practice during hiring and access revocation on their exit through?
- Physical Protection – Is the facility well secured to limit access to sensitive systems and areas?
- Risk Assessment – Check how often you assess, categorize, and address vulnerabilities.
- Security Assessment – Requires regular review of security policies to ensure compliance with NIST 800-171 standards.
- System & Information Integrity – This control outlines how quickly you can detect and fix flaws in your systems. Ideally, the faster, the less the damage.
- System & Communications Protection – Ensure that sensitive data is encrypted and kept secure as it’s being transmitted or stored.
5. Build a Remediation Plan and Keep Monitoring
Finally, the last step in your audit preparation is to note what’s not working or missing and outline the steps you’ll take to fix it. This is called a remediation plan. This plan shows the auditor that despite vulnerabilities, you are committed to addressing them to stay on top of things.
But this doesn’t mark the end. Compliance requires routine monitoring. So you must establish ways of monitoring your systems and security controls, and keep testing them to ensure they are strong. If you do this properly, your future audits will be a breeze, as it lowers the chances of not meeting compliance requirements.
Conclusion
Passing the NIST 800-171 audit is a key step towards CMMC compliance certification. Although there’s a lot of work to do to get that done, the process is smoother with adequate probation. With this guide, you can start laying the foundation and getting all the documentation ready, as getting everything ready doesn’t happen overnight. If you feel stuck, seek the help of an expert to help you meet the requirements. It’s a sure way to pass the audit and boost your cybersecurity posture. It might pay off by winning lucrative government contracts.
